Grading
steel grading
The first numerals in designations display average content of carbon in hundredths of percent (in high-carbon tool steels - tenths of percent). Numerals, which follow the letter, indicate approximate content of the given alloying element (if element content is less than 1%, numeral is absent)
Alloy grading.
The denomination of alloy grades consist only of letter designation of elements, except nickel after which the digits of its average percentage are placed. The letters -ВИ at the and of the precision alloy designation denote the vacuum-inductive production
| Element | English | Russian letter | Russian |
| Fe | ferrum | - | железо |
| C | carbon | - | углерод |
| Si | silicon | С | кремний |
| Mn | manganese | Г | марганец |
| Ni | nickel | Н | никель |
| S | sulphur | - | сера |
| P | phosphorus | П | фосфор |
| Cr | chromium | Х | хром |
| Ce | cerium | - | церий |
| Mo | molybdenum | M | молибден |
| W | tungsten | В | вольфрам |
| V | vanadium | Ф | ванадий |
| Co | cobalt | К | кобальт |
| N | nitrogen | A * | азот |
| Nb | niobium | Б | ниобий |
| Ti | titanium | Т | титан |
| Al | aluminium | Ю | алюминий |
| Cu | copper | Д | медь |
| Pb | lead | - | свинец |
| As | arsenic | - | мышьяк |
| Zr | zirconium | Ц | цирконий |
| B | boron | P | бор |
| Ba | barium | - | барий |
| Se | selenium | E | селен |
| Ca | calcium | - | кальций |
| Mg | magnesium | - | магний |
| Be | beryllium | Л * * | бериллий |
| Ag | silver | - | серебро |
| O | oxygen | - | кислород |
| Sb | antimony | - | сурьма |
| Bi | bismuth | - | висмут |
| Sn | tin | - | олово |
| Te | tellurium | - | теллур |
| Zn | zinc | - | цинк |
| Cd | cadmium | - | кадмий |
| Na | sodium | - | натрий |
| Nd | neodymium | - | неодим |
| La | lanthanum | - | лантан |
| Li | lithium | - | н литий |
| Y | ittrium | - | иттрий |
| Cl | chlorine | - | хлор |
| H | hydrogen | - | водород |
| * - the letter A at the end of designation indicates limited content of sulphur and phosphorus; it also indicates a high-quality steel's metallurgical production. | |||
| * * - the letter Л at the end of designation denotes the casting steel. | |||
| Russian | ISO | GOST |
| Х | KH | H |
| Ю | YU | JU |
| Ж | ZH | ZH |
| Ц | TS | TS |
| Ш | SH | SH |
| Ч | CH | CH |
| Э | EH | E- |
| Я | YA | IA |
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